A1-A2 Level Vocabulary: Appearance

Word Meaning:

Appearance (noun): The way a person or thing looks to other people.  

Body/Physique

Tall: People who are above average height.

Short: People who are below average height.

 

Medium Height: People who are not very tall or very short.

Fit: Healthy, strong and good physical shape.

Slim: Thin in an attractive way.

Skinny: A skinny person is extremely thin in an unhealthy extent.

Petite: When a woman is petite, she is small, thin and delicate.

Thin: A thin person doesn't have much fat on his/her body.  

Overweight: One who has more body fat in an unhealthy way.

Young: One who is not old.

Old: One who is not young.

Hair Styles

Blonde hair: yellow or golden hair.

Brunette hair: dark brown hair.

Curly hair: hair that forms curls or wavy hairs.

Straight hair: hair that is not curly or wavy.

Dark hair: hair that is dark in colour.

Ginger hair: red or orange-brown hair.

Short hair: haircut with little length.

Shaved hair: without hair or the hair has been removed.

Wavy hair: hair that curves slightly.

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A1-A2 Level Vocabulary: Clothes & Accessories

Word Meaning:

Accessory: An item that is worn or carried as it makes an outfit more beautiful and attractive.

 

CLOTHES

Shirt 

(a piece of clothing for the upper part of the body having a collar & buttons at the front) 

T-shirt

(a piece of clothing that covers the top part of the body with short sleeves & no collar.)

Pants/Trousers

(a piece of clothing that covers the lower part of the body from the waist to the feet.)

Dress

(Clothes of a particular type worn in particular situations.)

  
Skirt

(a piece of clothing hangs from the waist and covers some or all of the legs, usually worn by women & girls.)

Coat

(a warm piece of clothing with sleeves for the upper body that is worn over other clothes in cold weather.)

Jacket

(a short coat for the upper body.)

Jeans

(Trousers made of strong blue denim that are worn informally.)

 

Sweater

(a woolen top with long sleeves for upper part of the body.) 

Suit

(a jacket and trousers or a jacket and skirt to be worn at work or formal events.)

 

Pajamas

(Clothes worn in bed, consisting of a loosely fitting shirt and pants.)

 

Underwear or underpants

(Clothes worn under other clothes like trousers or skirt.)

 

Swimsuit

(a piece of clothing that you were for swimming.)

Tracksuit

(Clothes worn for a sport or exercising or as informal clothing.)

Blouse

(a shirt for a woman/girl.)

Shorts

(Trousers that end above the knee and don't cover all the legs.)

Uniform

(a set of clothes connected with a particular group of people.)

Accessories

Button: I fastened the buttons on my shirt

Tie: In our school, we have to wear a jacket and tie.

Belt: I had eaten so much that I had to loosen my belt a couple of notches.

 

Bracelet: She has some beautiful silver bracelets in her jewellery box. 

 

Earrings: I couldn't wear heavy dangly earrings.

Chain: Jackie was wearing a beautiful silver chain around his neck.

Ring: My best friend bought me a beautiful ring on my birthday. 

Jewellery: Today 'Junk Jewellery' has become the 'Trend' for teenagers and college goers.

Glasses/Sunglasses: I wear glasses for reading. One should wear sunglasses to protect the eyes.

Cap: The man was wearing a riding dress and a lovely cap.

Hat: Don't go out in the hot sun without a hat.

Gloves: These hand-knitted gloves are very warm.

 

Purse: I have my mobile in my purse.

Bag: He put his heavy school bag on the bed and stood staring at it for a moment.

Handbag: I have too much clobber in my handbag.

Wallet: He pulled a business card from his wallet.

Pocket: He slipped the note into his trouser pocket. 

Perfume: The perfume of the flowers filled the garden.

Boots: The children pulled their shoes off and waded into the water pool. 

Trainers/Sneakers: These trainers are very comfortable for playing sports.

Sandals: She looked absolutely beautiful in her white dress and those sandals.

Socks:  Use socks at night to avoid getting fever.

Scarf: That little girl has a pretty big scarf around her neck.

Watch: He has got a pocket watch.

Rucksack: My mother has put some money in my school rucksack.

Umbrella: Didn't you take an umbrella with you? It was raining outside.

Briefcase: The file is in your briefcase.

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Grammar Usage: Adjectives And Their Position Part II

PERSONALITY WORDS:

FUSSY (adjective)

Not easily pleased, worried or careful about unimportant things.

Examples: 

She is too fussy about everything and always complains.

Our boss is not fussy about tiny details. He is a relaxed person.

MODEST (adjective)

Humble, unpretentious, unassuming about one's abilities.

Not large in size or amount, not expensive.

Examples:

He's very modest in his behaviour despite his successful career.

They live in a modest house in the outskirts of the city. 

OBSERVANT (adjective)

Quick at noticing things.

Careful in obeying laws, rules and religious customs.

 

Examples:

Police and journalists are trained to be observant.

One should be observant of the traffic rules to prevent road accidents. 

____________________

WRONG TO CORRECT USAGE:

WRONG: My parents live in the flat above the bank and I live in the opposite house.

CORRECT: My parents live in the flat above the bank and I live in the house opposite.

GRAMMAR: Adjective 'opposite' may be used immediately after a noun.  

More on this:

1. An 'adjective' is a word that tells what a person, thing, place, etc. is like.

(e.g. 'a tall woman', 'a blue pen')

2. Adjectives which may be used immediately after a noun include concerned, involved, opposite, present and responsible.

3. However, these adjectives may also be used before a noun but then they have a different meaning. 

'The information will be sent to everyone concerned.'

'The concerned parents wanted to organise a meeting for the cause.'

4. Adjectives are of two main categories: 

a) determining adjectives.

b) descriptive adjectives which can be further divided into qualifying and classifying adjectives. 

 

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Grammar Usage: Adjectives and Their Position Part I

PERSONALITY WORDS:

ARROGANT (adjective)

proud in an unpleasant way and self-important feeling.

Examples: 

He is proud, arrogant and have a disrespectful attitude towards everyone.

Arrogant people must not be in power and leadership.

AUDACIOUS (adjective)

showing a willingness to take risks.

Examples: 

You have an audacious plan that will involve a lot of perseverance and hard work.

The workers made an audacious claim.

Cranky (adjective)

Easily annoyed and irritable; eccentric, bizarre

Examples: 

Opening a shopping mall in a rural area sounds a cranky idea.

 

A lot of cranky talk takes place about management.

____________________

WRONG TO CORRECT USAGE:

WRONG: The country's present crisis is economic.

CORRECT: The country's present crisis is an economic one/ The country's present crisis concerns its economy.

GRAMMAR: Adjectives which classify usually go before a noun (not after a linking verb). 'An economic crisis/policy', 'atomic energy', 'a medical certificate', 'legal advice', 'the northern hemisphere', 'a weekly visit'. 

More on this:

1. An 'adjective' is a word that tells what a person, thing, place, etc. is like.

(e.g. 'a tall woman', 'a blue pen')

2. Most one-syllable form their comparatives and superlatives with -er/-est.

(e.g. young - younger, tall - tallest)

3. Adjectives are of two main categories: 

a) determining adjectives.

b) descriptive adjectives which can be further divided into qualifying and classifying adjectives. 

 

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Grammar Usage: Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

PERSONALITY WORDS:

AFFECTIONATE (adjective)

Showing feelings of fondness and care.

Examples: 

She is very affectionate towards old people.

Your affectionate and happy disposition makes you satisfied.

BLUNT (adjective)

Harsh, impolite. 

Saying in an impolite way without considering other people's feelings.

Examples: 

I'll be blunt - you're a big bore.

You speak polite rather than speaking blunt and hurting someone's feelings.

CYNICAL (adjective)

Not trusting the goodness of other people and their actions.

Examples: 

We must not be cynical towards all politicians and their good works.

Her broken relationships have made her cynical towards love.

____________________

WRONG TO CORRECT USAGE:

WRONG: Our Neighbour is one of the most rudest man in our locality.

CORRECT: Our Neighbour is one of the rudest men in our locality.

WRONG: The medicine made her feel much more better.

CORRECT: The medicine made her feel much better.

GRAMMAR: We do not use an -er/-est form and more/most together.

More on this:

1. An 'adjective' is a word that tells what a person, thing, place, etc. is like.

(e.g. 'a tall woman', 'a blue pen')

2. Most one-syllable form their comparatives and superlatives with -er/-est.

(e.g. young - younger, tall - tallest)

 

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Grammar Usage: Adjectives And Prepositions Part III

WORD OF THE DAY:

CAPRICIOUS (adjective)

Changing mood or behaviour suddenly and unexpectedly;

Having unpredictable, volatile and erratic mood.

Examples: 

The weather has been very capricious now a days.

She is very cruel and capricious woman who could beguile and terrify anyone.

____________________

WRONG TO CORRECT USAGE:

WRONG: The forum is very interesting in problems caused by pollution.

CORRECT: The forum is very interested in problems caused by pollution.

WRONG: It was such a bored programme that I fell asleep.

CORRECT: It was such a boring programme that I fell asleep.

GRAMMAR: The two participle forms (-ed and -ing forms) of a verb are often used as adjectives. The -ed form usually describes how someone feels. The -ing form describes the person or thing that causes the feeling.

More on this:

1. An 'adjective' is a word that tells what a person, thing, place, etc. is like.

(e.g. 'a tall woman', 'a blue pen')

2. A preposition is a word that comes at the beginning of a phrase which tells us when, where, why, how, etc.

(e.g. I will come to the party 'at' seven o'clock in the evening.)

3. A Preposition is always followed by a noun or a gerund (-ing form).

(e.g. She's excited about the event.)

 

4. Prepositions are also used as linking words.

(e.g. We were given information about the remote areas.) 

 

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Grammar Usage: Adjectives And Prepositions Part II

WORD OF THE DAY:

CANTANKEROUS (adjective)

Arguing and complaining a lot/ stubbornly obstructive and unwilling to cooperate.

Examples: 

The old-aged woman is a bit cantankerous.

Don't be cantankerous about these silly matters.

____________________

WRONG TO CORRECT USAGE:

WRONG: She began to feel frighten of the stranger.

CORRECT: She began to feel frightened of the stranger.

WRONG: The committee has shown interest in the propose development.

CORRECT: The committee has shown interest in the proposed development.

GRAMMAR: Many adjectives are past participles, e.g. frightened, scared, pleased, proposed, relaxed, retired, united. The past participle of a regular verb ends in '-ed'.

More on this:

1. An 'adjective' is a word that tells what a person, thing, place, etc. is like.  

(e.g. 'a tall woman', 'a blue pen')

2. A preposition is a word that comes at the beginning of a phrase which tells us when, where, why, how, etc.

(e.g. I will come to the party 'at' seven o'clock in the evening.)

3. A Preposition is always followed by a noun or a gerund (-ing form).

(e.g. She's excited about the event.)

 

4. Prepositions are also used as linking words.

(e.g. We were given information about the remote areas.) 

 

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Grammar Usage: Adjectives And Prepositions Part I

WORD OF THE DAY:

CALLOW (adjective)

Young person with little experience, confidence or judgement.

Examples: 

Though he is a callow youth, he is still impressive and self-reliant.

I was only a callow youth when I had joined the office.

____________________

WRONG TO CORRECT:

WRONG: She is really good in the piano.

CORRECT: She is really good at the piano.

WRONG: I am not very good in drawing.

CORRECT: I am not very good at drawing.

GRAMMAR: We use 'at' with adjectives like good, amazing, etc.

More on this:

1. An 'adjective' is a word that tells what a person, thing, place, etc. is like.  

(e.g. 'a tall woman', 'a blue pen')

2. A preposition is a word that comes at the beginning of a phrase which tells us when, where, why, how, etc.

(e.g. I will come to the party at seven o'clock in the evening.)

3. A Preposition is always followed by a noun or a gerund (-ing form).

(e.g. She's excited about the event.)

 

4. Prepositions are also used as linking words.

(e.g. We were given information about the remote areas.) 

 

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Grammar Usage: Uncountable Nouns

WORD OF THE DAY:

CALAMITY (noun)

A great misfortune, misery, adversity or disaster

Examples: 

Drought is a natural disaster, but it can be exacerbated by human activity.

In the time of calamity, patience and perseverance helps us going.

____________________

WRONG TO CORRECT:

WRONG: The employment agency couldn't provide us a detailed information on its services.  

CORRECT: The employment agency couldn't provide us any detailed information on its services. 

GRAMMAR: We do not use a/an before uncountable nouns. 

More on this:

1. An uncountable noun does not have a plural form. 

(e.g. furniture, homework, advice, equipment, information.)

2. Some nouns that are generally used uncountably, can also have countable meanings.

3. Some nouns in English are normally uncountable, in many other languages they are countable.

 

Examples of Uncountable Nouns:

I prefer tea to coffee. (General idea)

Three coffees, please. (recognized containers for things)

She has long shining hair.

There is a hair in my soup! 

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Grammar Usage: Singular Countable Nouns with A/An

WORD OF THE DAY:

CABOTAGE (noun)

The Government laws of a country to limit the transport or trade of goods or people in coastal waters or airspace by foreign vehicles, ships or aircraft.

Examples: 

The cabotage laws of the country has restricted international trade. 

The proposal regarding cabotage is utterly disappointing.

____________________

WRONG TO CORRECT:

WRONG: We can get into the cabin only with key.

CORRECT: We can get into the cabin only with a key. 

GRAMMAR :We cannot use the singular noun alone. We need a/an.

More on this :

1. Countable nouns can be counted. 

2. Countable nouns can be singular or plural.

3. We can use one/two/three (etc.) with countable nouns.

Examples of Singular Countable Nouns:

• I have got an idea.
• Do you want a cup of tea?
• I am looking for a job.

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Grammar Usage: Nouns (Singular And Plural) (a new pair of jeans/ some new jeans)

WORD OF THE DAY:

CABARET (noun)

An entertainment show of music and dance performed in restaurants or clubs. 

Example : She made a successful career in the cabaret.

____________________

WRONG TO CORRECT:

WRONG: I need a new jeans.

CORRECT: I need a new pair of jeans or I need some new jeans. (not a new jeans)

GRAMMAR : The noun 'Jeans' is plural in English. 

More on this :

Glasses, Scissors, Trousers, Jeans, Shorts,  etc. are always plural in English.

We can use a pair of scissors, a pair of shorts etc.

 

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Grammar Usage: Nouns (Singular And Plural) (A person, Two people)

WORD OF THE DAY:

CACOPHONY (noun)

a loud, harsh, unpleasant mixture of sounds.

Example: Life has its own harmony and cacophony too.

____________________

WRONG TO CORRECT:

WRONG: How many people lives in that house?

CORRECT: How many people live in that house?

GRAMMAR : People is plural (= they) in its form. So, we say 'people are'/ 'people have' etc. 

More on this :

We say 'a person', 'two people', 'some people', 'a lot of people' etc.

Examples:

 

1. He is a nice person.

2. They are nice people. (not 'nice persons')

2. A lot of people use social media for marketing every day. (not 'uses')

3. Some people are always late. (not 'is')

 
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Grammar Usage: Noun Phrases

WORD OF THE DAY:

CAMARADERIE (noun)

a feeling of friendliness towards people with whom you work or share experience.

Playing together in school would give them a feeling of camaraderie and a sense of belonging.

____________________

WRONG TO CORRECT:

WRONG: Four metals cylinders were attached to the machine.

CORRECT: Four metal cylinders were attached to the machine.

GRAMMAR : Nouns which act as premodifiers are singular, even when the head is plural. 

More on this :

Nouns acting as premodifiers specify particular aspects or features of the noun, such as type, material, etc. 

eg.: a university education, a fur coat, the post-war economy, a recent government report.

2. Noun phrase indicating time or measurements are singular in form even when their meaning is plural.

eg.: an eight-hour flight Not an eight-hours flight.

3. In the modifying expression, hyphens are normally used.

 
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Verbs and Questions Forms

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Make Questions to the following Answers:

Q1: Is he watching a movie?
Ans: He is watching a movie.

Q2: Had she been working hard?
Ans: She had been working hard

Q3: Will they come to attend the meeting?
Ans: They will come to attend the meeting.

Q4: Would John have been coming to see her?
Ans: John would have been coming to see her.

Q5: Do they take meals in time?
Ans: They take meals in time.

Q6: Does he often come? 
Ans: Yes, he often comes to our house.

Q7: Do they perform very well?
Ans: They performed very well. 

Q8: Will they have finished their homework by now?
Ans: They will have finished their homework by now.

Nouns and its forms - Countable and Uncountable

Nouns are countable and uncountable.

Countable nouns:

These are of singular and plural forms.

Singular countable nouns cannot be used alone. They must have a/an/the or any other determiner like my, that etc.

Plural countable forms are made by:

i) adding -s at the end of the noun:

pen-pens, table-tables, school-schools

ii) adding -es to the nouns ending with -s, -ss, -ch, -sh, x:

bus-buses, glass-glasses, watch-watches, box-boxes, dish-dishes

iii) adding -ies to the nouns ending with a consonant and a -y:

lady-ladies, party-parties, baby-babies

iv) however, we add -s to the nouns with a vowel and -y:

boy-boys, play-plays, monkey-monkeys

v) we add -ves to nouns ending with -f/-fe:

shelf-shelves, knife-knives

vi) some nouns have irregular plural forms like:

woman-women, child-children, fish-fish, sheep-sheep

Uncountable Nouns:

i) Uncountable nouns have always one form.

ii) We cannot use a/an with uncountable nouns.

iii) But we can use a piece of.../ a glass of.../ a game of.../ a bowl of...with uncountable noun.


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Question Forms by different ways.

We make question forms in different ways:

1) By moving a auxiliary verb to the front of the clause:

Examples:

i) She is writing.
Is she writing?

ii) They have finished the work?
Have they finished the work?

iii) He has worked hard.
Has he worked hard?

iv) They have been complaining for a long time.
Have they been complaining for a long time?

2) By shifting a modal to the front of the clause: 

Examples:

i) He will come to the show.
Will he come to the show?

ii) They might come to see you.
Might they come to see you?

iii) She will have finished the show by now.
 Will she have finished the show by now?

iv) The movie will be finished soon.
Will the movie be finished soon?

3) Do/Does and Did

We use do/does and did for Present Simple and Past Simple as they have no auxiliary:

Examples:
i) They work.
Do they work?

ii) He often comes to the park.
Does he often come to the park?

iii) She wrote a letter to him.
Did she write a letter to him?

iv) Everybody liked the show last night.
 Did everybody like the show last night?


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Present Perfect Simple and Continuous

Present Perfect Simple :

The structure is  have/has + Past Participle.

Example: 

• She has done her work.
• I have gone to see her in the hospital.
• He has broken the window pane.

Present Perfect Continuous :

The Structure is have/has + been + ing.

Example: 

• They has been discussing the project since two years.
• He has been seeing her for two years.
• My mother has been teaching in a school for many years. 

- We use Present Perfect Tense to express an event or activity which has a link to the present.

- We use it for the things which happened in the past but the result is now.

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Spelling Rules for -ing forms

The present continuous tense is –ing. When we add –ing to some verbs, their spellings get changed. 

• Have - Having
• Ride - Riding
• Swim - Swimming
• Run - Running

Therefore, there are some spelling rules for –ing forms. These are:

- If a verb ends in silent e, we remove it and add –ing

• Ride - Riding
• Write - Writing
• Dance - Dancing
• Come - Coming
• Smile - Smiling
• Ride - Riding
• Have - Having

- If the verb is one-syllable ends with a vowel + a consonant, the final consonant gets doubled before adding –ing

• Swim – Swimming
• Stop – Stopping
• Tap – Tapping
• Sob – Sobbing

- If the verb is two-syllable and ends with a single vowel + a consonant and the stress is on the last syllable, then the final consonant will be doubled before adding –ing

• Admit – Admitting
• Commit – Committing
• Refer – Referring

- The two –syllable verb ending with a vowel + a consonant and the stress is not on the last syllable, the final consonant do not need to be doubled while adding –ing

• Visit – Visiting
• Target – Targeting
• Open – Opening
• Inherit – Inheriting

- If the verb has a –c in its end, then a –k will be added before adding –ing

• Traffic – Trafficking
• Picnic – Picnicking
• Mimic – Mimicking

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'Did' in Past Tense Negatives And Questions

In Past tense, we use 'did' in negatives and questions.

Examples:

I	worked
We	wrote
You	came
They	went
He	watched
She	did
It	rained

Negative Forms: 

I	did not (didn't)	work
We	did not (didn't)	write
You	did not (didn't)	come
They	did not (didn't)	go
He	did not (didn't)	watch
She	did not (didn't)	do
It	did not (didn't)	rain

Question Forms:

Did	Subject	Verb
Did	I	work?
Did	we	write?
Did	you	come?
Did	they	go?
Did	he	watch?
Did	she	do?
Did	it	rain?

* With did/didn't, we use the base form (work, come, go, watch, do, rain) not the past tense form (worked, came, went, watched, did, rained).

Examples:
I didn't work (not I didn't worked)
We didn't write (not We didn't wrote)
He didn't watch (not He didn't watched)
Did she do the project? ( not Did she does the project)
Did they go? (Not Did they went?)

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Past Simple Forms with Regular and Irregular Verbs

The past simple form is often made by adding -ed to most verbs. These are called regular verbs. Some of these are:

Infinitive	Past Tense
Accept	Accepted
Achieve	Achieved
Add	Added
Behave	Behaved
Boil	Boiled
Borrow	Borrowed
Call	Called
Change	Changed
Chase	Chased
Chew	Chewed
Dance	Danced
Deliver	Delivered
Destroy	Destroyed
Drag	Dragged
Earn	Earned
Employ	Employed
Establish	Established
Fry	Fried

But there are irregular verbs whose past tense is not -ed. Here are some common irregular verbs:

Become	Became
Begin	Began
Bite	Bit
Break	Broke
Bring	Brought
Build	Built
Burn	Burnt
Buy	Bought
Catch	Caught
Choose	Chose
Come	Came
Do	Did
Drink	Drank
Drive	Drove
Eat	Ate
Fall	Fell
Feed	Fed
Feel	Felt
Fight	Fought
Find	Found
Fly	Flew
Forget	Forgot
Forgive	Forgave
Get	Got
Give	Gave
Go	Went
Grow	Grew
Have	Had
Hear	Heard
Hold	Held
Keep	Kept
Know	Knew
Learn	Learnt
Leave	Left
Lend	Lent
Lose	Lost
Make	Made
Mean	Meant
Pay	Paid
Ring	Rang
Say	Said
Sell	Sold
Send	Sent
Shine	Shone
Shoot	Shot
Smell	Smelt
Spend	Spent
Stand	Stood
Swim	Swam
Teach	Taught
Tell	Told

 Past Tense says about something that happened once in the past:

I went to Gujarat when I was in college.
We had pet dogs and cats once but now we haven't any.

Past Tense also says about something that happened again and again in the past:

When I was a child, I played every evening with friends.
He always enjoyed coming to our house.

Past Tense is used to express something that was true for sometime in the past:

We lived in Bombay for six years.
I participated in sports when I was a teenager.

Exercises with Simple Past:

I got up late yesterday.
She went to shopping last Sunday.
We often went for the cinema when I was in hostel.
The programme started at 8.00 and finished at 11 o'clock.
We stayed at a very nice resort during our trip to Kerela.


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